Bugs in Programming
Bug’s is an unexpected
defect, fault, flaw or imperfections. In programming jargon, “errors” are known
as “bugs”. Debugging is the name that programmers give to the activity of
locating and removing errors from programs (once the errors are known to exist,
from testing the program).
Programming errors or
bugs are fall into three categories.
i.
Syntax or compilation errors
ii.
Logical errors or Semantic errors
iii.
Run-time errors
Syntax Errors
Syntax errors are
grammatical mistakes. These errors are the easiest to find because they are
highlighted by the compiler. Error messages are given. These errors are caused by
the failure of the programmer to use the correct grammatical rules of the
language Syntax errors are detected, and displayed by the complier as it
attempts to translate your program. If a program has a syntax error it cannot
be translated, and the program will not be executed.
The compiler tries to
highlight syntax errors where there seems to be a problem, however, it is not
perfect and sometimes the compiler will indicate the next line of code as
having the problem rather the line of code where the problem actually exists.
Forgetting to close the
message to printf ( ) with a double quote, omitting the semicolon at the end of
each C statement, incorrectly typing the letter O for the number zero (0), or
vice versa are some common syntax errors made by all beginning C programmer.
Logical errors
These are the hardest
errors to find as they do not halt the program. They arise from faulty thinking
on behalf of the programmer. They can be very troublesome. These are mistakes
in a program’s logic. Programs with logic errors will often compiled, execute
and output result. However, at least some of the time the output will be
incorrect. Error message will not appear in case of logic errors, this makes
logic errors very difficult to locate and correct.
Run-Time errors
As the name suggests
run-time errors occurs at run time when the user directs the computer to
perform an illegal operation, e.g.:
Dividing a number by zero
Assigning
a variable to the wrong type of variable
When
a run-time error occurs, the computer stops executing the program, and displays
a diagnostic message that indicates the line where the errors occurred.